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Gestational type diabetes of mellitus and it´s laboratory determination
SVOBODOVÁ, Nikola
Abstract I am a medical laboratory technician working in a biochemical-immunological laboratory, and almost every week I come across the results of screening tests that reveal impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant women. Some of them are then diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The global incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is reported to be approximately 14% of all pregnancies and usually resolves spontaneously by the end of the sixth trimester. Of course, there are also cases when the condition persists and due to long-term consequences, besides other things, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. (Goldmannová, 2019) Such women continue to be treated and monitored when switching to the classic diabetes mellitus disease. In my work, I decided to provide a comprehensive overview for the medical laboratory technicians, as well as to collect data on gestational diabetes in the vicinity of Nový Bor. This work aims to create an overview of gestational diabetes and risks for mother and fetus, to describe the course of screening laboratory examination and determination of gestational diabetes mellitus on its own tested group. For the last year and a half, I have monitored the conditions of pregnant women who come to our outpatient department to undergo an oral glucose test. Before the examination, I had the patients fill out voluntary questionnaires. I created the questions based on the risk factors I was looking for, which could have influenced the course of the pregnancy or the development of gestational diabetes. After an overall evaluation of the examined results from the examination and comparison with questionnaires, I evaluated which risk factors are present in women with proven GDM to a greater extent and therefore, depending on their occurrence, could lead to the development of the disease.
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Caring for a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus and the care that is provided to women suffering from this disease. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the work, the terms physiological and high-risk pregnancy are defined in the introduction. After explaining the concept of diates mellitus and analyzing its nature, the work focuses on gestational diabetes mellitus and its characteristics. Its etiology, possible complications, effect on the fetus, methods of examination and treatment are described. The last part focuses on the care of midwives, this part of the theoretical part of the work points to the possibilities and areas of education of pregnant women who suffer from gestational diabetes mellitus. The practical part was created with the help of a qualitative research survey. Two goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first aim of the work was to find out what role a midwife plays in the care of women with gestational diabetes and the second to find out what knowledge pregnant women with this disease have. There are three research questions related to the objectives: "What role does a midwife play in caring for a woman with gestational diabetes?", "What knowledge do pregnant women lack about GDM?" And "What knowledge do pregnant women have about GDM?". To achieve the goals, the methodology of qualitative research was chosen in the form of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Two research groups were set up, consisting of pregnant women with personal experience of the disease and midwives caring for these women. The research itself took place during the months of March and April 2022 in the form of a personal meeting at home or in a prenatal clinic. After analyzing the obtained data, the results of the research survey were derived, which were processed into categories and subcategories. Research has found that midwives provide a wide range of education in their care for women diagnosed with GDM in addition to glycemic control, diabetes counseling, and oGTT. They most often educate about diet, diet and the principles of self-monitoring. Pregnant women often had only an awareness of the disease before their diagnosis and lacked the most information about the correctness of the diet.
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Frequency of blood groups at the AB0 blood group system in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus
FÜRSTOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis "Frequency of blood groups at the ABO blood group system in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus" focuses on the issue of blood groups at the ABO blood group system and gestational diabetes mellitus. Today, the number of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus is still growing. This is mainly due to the increasing age of pregnant women, which is the current trend. Another risk factor is an overweight, which more and more Czechs and especially Czech women suffer from, as a result of their unhealthy lifestyle. The context between the blood group at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus has not yet been sufficiently investigated in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The main aim of the study was to determine whether there is a connection between the blood groups at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim has been met. The results of the study show that there is no connection between the blood groups at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. In the investigative part of the bachelor's thesis, a set of pregnant women´s blood samples was examined in laboratory examinations. The blood group from the blood group system ABO (A, B, AB and O) was identified for each woman. Pregnant women were also examined for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus - that is, whether or not pregnant women were assigned a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The frequency of diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus at particular blood groups of the ABO blood group system was statistically evaluated, for example, using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The investigative results of the bachelor thesis can serve as an information source and can be used for other investigative purposes.
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Thyroid disorders in pregnancy - immunoendocrinological and metabolic aspects
Vítková, Hana ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Kosák, Mikuláš (referee) ; Posová, Helena (referee)
Background: The immunological, hormonal and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy and increase the risk of developing some diseases. The aims of this study were: to compare serum concentrations of antibodies against C1q component of complement (anti-C1q) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and healthy pregnant women and to compare urinary iodine concentration (UIC), neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and other thyroid laboratory parameters in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant women. Patients and methods: The "anti-C1q" study included 96 pregnant women with AITD and three control groups: 80 healthy pregnant women, 72 non-pregnant women with AITD and 72 healthy blood donors. The "MBL" study included 212 pregnant women with AITD and 80 healthy pregnant women, and the "urinary iodine concentration" study included 195 pregnant women with GDM and 88 healthy pregnant women. Anti-C1q and MBL concentrations were measured by ELISA, UIC by absorption spectrophotometry after previous alkaline demineralization, and other parameters by standard immunoassay. Results: The anti-C1q and MBL serum concentrations were higher in pregnant women with AITD compared to controls. The anti-C1q concentrations were...
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The influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on managememt and course of labour
Martináková, Kristýna ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes and its influence on the management and course of labour and early neonatal adaptation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common perinatal complications that poses risks to both mother and fetus. The fetus is particularly at risk for diabetic fetopathy with macrosomia, which can be a complication during the labour. Depending on the compensation of diabetes and the birth weight of the baby, the mother is at risk of more severe birth injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether gestational diabetes has an effect on the management and course of labour compared to women without diabetes. We also attempted to clarify whether mothers with gestational diabetes suffer more extensive perineal lacerations, whether the average birth weight of newborns of mothers with GDM is higher, and whether GDM is associated with poorer postpartum adaptation. These objectives were complemented by 3 hypotheses that helped to meet the stated objectives. The research part of the study consisted in retrospective collection of patient data from the MEDEA system at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. The data were collected from November 2021 to...
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Extracellular microRNAs and their role in pathologies especially in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.
Štěrbová, Monika ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Balušíková, Kamila (referee)
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a relatively newly discovered group of RNA molecules and they serve to regulate gene expression. In spite of processes of differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the whole biological systems, such as embryogenesis, oncogenesis, and immunity. There have been a number of experiments in recent years concerning diagnoses and predictions of complications during pregnancy, and tumour growth. Extracellular miRNA molecules participating in circulation of patients are used in the non-invasive diagnostics. RNA molecules usually get into the extracellular fluid during the apoptosis process. I chose four diseases, which extracellular miRNA have diagnostic potential - preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus and breast cancer - for my work. An aberrant expression of different levels of various extracellular miRNAs has been reported in these diseases but the clinical use of microRNAs in the diagnosis and prediction of those still requires further research and optimization. Keywords: breast cancer, extracellular nucleic acids, fetal growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, microRNA, PCR, preeclampsia
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Postpartum expression of cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs - comparison of expression levels between plasma, plasma exosomes and whole peripheral venous blood
Ševčíková, Adéla ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with altered gene expression. This work compares miRNA gene expression profiles among various biological sources - whole peripheral venous blood (whole PB), plasma and plasma exosomes. For all tested groups combined, the expression levels of miRNA were maximal in whole PB and lowered in plasma and plasma exosomes, and the expression levels of miRNA were higher in plasma than in plasma exosomes, except miR-126-3p, which had a higher level detected in plasma exosomes compared to plasma. This work also compares expression levels of cardiovascular miRNA between women with anamnesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and physiological gravidity 3-11 years postpartum in whole PB, plasma and plasma exosomes. In whole PB, 12 of 29 tested miRNAs were up-regulated in women with prior exposure to GDM. MiR-181a-5p was up-regulated in plasma exosomes and miR-499a-5p in plasma in women with prior exposure to GDM. The changes in whole peripheral venous blood seem to reflect the complex systemic response to the changes that occurred during the onset of GDM. Women with aberrant epigenetic profiles may...
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The Influence of a Lifestyle of Women with Anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Dittrichová, Jana ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
1 Abstract: The present thesis is focused on a lifestyle of women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes and on the way in which this lifestyle influences manifestation of Type 2 Diabetes. The goal of the thesis is to describe the ways in which women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes in the period 1-11 years after delivery behave preventively in order that Type 2 Diabetes would not occur - to describe their diet and movement activities as well as to discover, if they have their blood sugar level checked regularly. By means of questionnaire survey, it has been discovered that women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes consume not-sweetened beverages, coffee, vegetable and fruits, on the other hand it would be convenient, if they would eliminate secondary processed food, red meat, sweets and fried meal and increase intake of nuts, fish and cereals. 83 % of women engage in a movement activity at least 3 times a week. 52 % had come for blood sugar level examination (oGTT) after delivery and another 12 % had their blood sugar level checked during regular medical examination. Nevertheless, many respondents are not regularly monitored anymore. Women with anamnesis of Gestational Diabetes, in the case of which blood sugar level examination (oGTT) detected Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes, consume too much...
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Gestational diabetes mellitus - influence on the course of labor induction
Janů, Lucie ; Šimják, Patrik (advisor) ; Čábela, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus and its influence on the course of induction of labor. Gestational diabetes is a disorder of glucose metabolism occurring during pregnancy that disappears spontaneously in the puerperium. It has a fundamental influence on childbirth and increases the risk of numerous obstetric complications. In many women who suffer from gestational diabetes, it is necessary to induce labor from various indications. It is a preventive method using artificial induction of uterine activity to terminate the pregnancy if its continuation increases the risk of possible damage to the mother or the fetus. The study aimed to determine whether GDM affects the course of labor induction compared to women to whom labor was induced from other indications. We intended to find out whether GDM affects the perinatal and neonatal results of labor induction. We also set 12 hypotheses that helped us to fulfill the goals of our work. The research part of the work was retrospective and examined the labor induction in women performed at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague between December 2019 and January 2021. We obtained the data to monitor the course and results of labor...
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Gestational diabetes mellitus and its effect on women diet after childbirth.
Kadečková, Klára ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Women treated during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus have 40-60% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life. Development prevention of these diseases is rational diet with reduced carbohydrates intake, weight reduc- tion and regular exercise. Women with history of gestational diabetes should be still moni- tored regularly after childbirth. My bachelor thesis looks into diet of women after childbirth, who were monitored with ges- tational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and its effect on development of type 2 diabetes. The goal of thesis is to evaluate influence of the diet during gestational diabetes on diet after childbirth. Evaluation will be based on questionnaire survey with respondents from two groups. First group is made up of women attending appointments in collection center of Gen- eral University Hospital in Prague for oral glucose tolerance test. Second group are women who came for checkup to diabetologist in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital just few days after childbirth. Survey results will be processed and evaluated. Conclusion forms recommendations on how to im- prove motivation of women with history of gestational diabetes to maintain healthy diet...
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